Linux Terminal | Linux all commands

In a terms of managing files, accounting and other official work linux is awesome and it's GUI is prety easy now days, but as far as CLI (command line interface) is concerned in administrative task like managing server, using CLI is consider faster than GUI but hard to learn commands. Practice over commands can help.

File Commands

pwd	locat the directory in which we are in, see present directory
touch	make file in directory
mkdir	make empty directory
rm	remove only files
rm -r *	remove everything empty and non empty directory and files.
new\ file	give "\" to make the file name of "new file"
ls -l	see listed files and directory along with user group other permissins
ls -a	see all files and directory, hidden also
ls -gG	list file in directory, ignore user and group
cp -r	copy files and directory
cat	see inside the file
poweroff	shutdown the machine
reboot	Restart the machine
ps	display your currently active processes
top	display all running processes
killall pro	kill all processes named proc*
man cat	see help for "cat"

File Permissions

4 read (r)
2 write(w)
1 execute(x)

chown user1 filename	change ownership of file to user1
chmod 777 /home	read, write, execute for all
chod o+rwx	add read, write and execute permission to other(outside the world)
chmod g+wx	Add Write and execute permission to groups
chmod -R 777 data	for recursively set permission
chmod u-w	remove write permission from user

User and groups commands

passwd user1	set password for user1
useradd username --shell /bin/false	create user without accessing the shell
usermod -aG sudo rahul	Add rahul into sudo group
adduser rahul	add user name rahul
addgroup groupname	create a group named groupname
sudo usermod -a -G groupName userName	Add user into the group

Searching

grep -r pattern dir	search recursively for pattern in dir
locate file	find all instances of file

system information

date	show the current date and time
cal	show this month's calendar
uptime	show current uptime
w	display who is online
whoami	who logged in
finger user	display about logged user
uname -a	display about system
cat /proc/cpuinfo	cpu information
cat /proc/meminfo	memory information
man	show the manual of commands
free	show memory and swap usage
whereis app	show possible locations of app
which app	show which app will be run by default

network commands

ping host	output host results
whois domain	get whois information for domain
dig domain	get DNS inormation for domain
dig -x host	reverse lookup host
wget file	download file
wget -c file	continue stopped file to download
nano /etc/network/interfaces	configuration of network interface
ifconfig eth0 down	down the eth0 (interface)
service network-manager restart	restart the network services

installation commands

dpkg --get-selection	view installed package
dpkg --get-selection | grep python	list installed package starting name from python
dpkg -i package.deb	install package debian
rpm -Uvh pkg.rpm	install a package (RPM)
apt-get reove package	remove software using package name like "samba"

install from source
./configure
make
make install

Terminal shortcut

Ctrl+C	halt the current command
Ctrl+Z	Stops the current command, resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background
Ctrl+D	Log out of current session, same as exit
Ctrl+W	erases one word in the current line
Ctrl+U	erases whole line
Ctrl+Shift+C	copy select commands

Disk and drive command

fdisk -l	list storage device
lsblk	list storage device
blkid	list storage device with uuid
fdisk /devsdb	Partition the disk press n to create p for primary w for write changes
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1	format with ext4
"uuid" /mnt/mydrive ext4 defaults 0 0	mount at boot
ntfsfix /dev/sda#	fix ntfs drive
mount -t ext4 /dev/sdab# /mnt/data	mount ext4 drive in data directory
mount -a /dev/sdab# /mnt/data	mount drive for auto file system selection

DNS configuration

dpkg-reconfigure resolvconf

press ok, and reboot the machine

Samba file sharing

apt-get install smbclient	for installation of windows shared printer
apt-get install samba	if samba not installed in system,
smbpasswd -a user1	Samba uses a separate set of password than the standard linux system account stored in /etc/samba/smbpasswd
nano /etc/samba/smb.conf	configura smb.conf file for file and printer sharing

win support = yes
security = user
[share]
comment = file sharing
path = /DATA
valid users = user1 user5
public = yes
create mask = 0775
read only = no
writable = yes
guest ok = yes
service smbd restart

smbclient -L //ip/share -U username

access shared folder